They cover the western and eastern sides of the Antarctic and Arctic regions respectively.American Vertical Datum 1988 ETRS89 European Terrestrial Ref.Sys. 1989 GCJ-02 Chinese obfuscated datum 2002 Geo URI Internet link to a point 2010.
Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth as a perfect ellipsoid. However, it differs from global latitudelongitude in that it divides earth into 60 zones and projects each to the plane as a basis for its coordinates. Specifying a location means specifying the zone and the x, y coordinate in that plane. The projection from spheroid to a UTM zone is some parameterization of the transverse Mercator projection. The scale factor at the central meridian is specified to be 0.9996 of true scale for most UTM systems in use. It was probably carried out by the Abteilung fr Luftbildwesen (Department for Aerial Photography). From 1947 onward the US Army employed a very similar system, but with the now-standard 0.9996 scale factor at the central meridian as opposed to the German 1.0. For areas within the contiguous United States the Clarke Ellipsoid of 1866 5 was used. For the remaining areas of Earth, including Hawaii, the International Ellipsoid 6 was used. The World Geodetic System WGS84 ellipsoid is now generally used to model the Earth in the UTM coordinate system, which means current UTM northing at a given point can differ up to 200 meters from the old. Easeus data recovery wizard bootable media for mac 110For different geographic regions, other datum systems can be used. Cnc dovetail software ltdCalculating the distance between two points on these maps could be performed more easily in the field (using the Pythagorean theorem ) than was possible using the trigonometric formulas required under the graticule-based system of latitude and longitude. In the post-war years, these concepts were extended into the Universal Transverse Mercator Universal Polar Stereographic (UTMUPS) coordinate system, which is a global (or universal) system of grid-based maps. This projection is conformal, which means it preserves angles and therefore shapes across small regions. Zone 1 covers longitude 180 to 174 W; zone numbering increases eastward to zone 60, which covers longitude 174E to 180. The polar regions south of 80S and north of 84N are excluded. By using narrow zones of 6 of longitude (up to 668 km) in width, and reducing the scale factor along the central meridian to 0.9996 (a reduction of 1:2500), the amount of distortion is held below 1 part in 1,000 inside each zone. ![]() Utm Map Myanmar Series Of LocationsHowever, it is often convenient or necessary to measure a series of locations on a single grid when some are located in two adjacent zones. Around the boundaries of large scale maps (1:100,000 or larger) coordinates for both adjoining UTM zones are usually printed within a minimum distance of 40 km on either side of a zone boundary. Ideally, the coordinates of each position should be measured on the grid for the zone in which they are located, but because the scale factor is still relatively small near zone boundaries, it is possible to overlap measurements into an adjoining zone for some distance when necessary. Each latitude band is 8 degrees high, and is lettered starting from C at 80S, increasing up the English alphabet until X, omitting the letters I and O (because of their similarity to the numerals one and zero). The last latitude band, X, is extended an extra 4 degrees, so it ends at 84N latitude, thus covering the northernmost land on Earth.
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